Effect Of The Business Cycle Essay - 983 Words

This study uses time-series data from the CPS March data to investigate the effect of the business cycle from 2003 to 2014 on the wage differentials between females and males. The CPS is a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which can be considered as the primary source of labor force statistics for the population of the United States. This study also uses data from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) to get the state unemployment rate from 2003 to 2014. LAUS is a Federal-State cooperative effort that publishes monthly estimates of employment and unemployment for approximately 7,300 areas, including all states, countries, metropolitan areas, and cities with a population of 25,000 or more, by residence. Labor force data from the LAUS program follows the same CPS concepts and definitions used for the national labor force data. In particular, this study uses the seasonal adjustment monthly state unemployment rate, which eliminates the influences of weather, holidays, the opening and closing of schools, and other recurring seasonal events from economic time series. Since the CPS collects data through interviewing a limited amount of people, it cannot fully represent the labor market of the United States because of the sample selection bias. Also, since the CPS data is gathered by interviews, the status of survey respondents is only determined by how they respond to the survey.Show MoreRelatedEffects of Business Cycles1731 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In general the economy tends to experience different trends. These trends can be grouped as the business/trade cycle and may contain a boom, recession, depression and recovery. A business/trade cycle (see figure 1) is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movements in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and other macroeconomic variables. Samuelson and Nordhaus (1998), defined it as ‘a swing in total national input, income and employmentRead MoreDefinition Of Liabilities1623 Words   |  7 Pageswhich are we purchase product, service or take money in credit base and we can make a promise to creditors to we can pay those money in future. Overdraft When a person or business require money this time overdraft facility can be use. In this facility money is withdrawn from a bank account. In this facility a person or business withdraw money and the available balance goes below zero. In this situation call to be overdrawn. Provision for Income Taxes All provision is making for uncertain timingRead MoreThe Impact Of Neoclassical Economics On The Economy Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesboth the private sector (households and privately owned businesses) and public sector (government) have an active and important role in the economy. He argued that in a capitalist economy, the government would have a direct response to where in a business cycle the economy was at any particular time—Borrow to spend in a Recession or Bust, and spend only to the level of revenue collected during a period of growth or Booms. Milton Friedman, an American economist, believed strongly in a neoclassical, one-directionalRead MoreBusiness Cycle Theories : A General Comparison1625 Words   |  7 Pages Business Cycle Theories: A General Comparison Maria Sciarrino Niagara University ECO101HON â€Æ' Business Cycle Theories: A General Comparison Throughout history, economies have experienced times of high growth and low unemployment as well as times of little or negative growth and high unemployment. It is controversial whether or not these instances occurred from regular fluctuations in the market. These alternating up and down fluctuations typically occur over several years, with each individualRead MoreMexico Business Cycle1260 Words   |  6 PagesMexico’s Business Cycle The term business cycle or economic cycle refers to the fluctuations of economic activity around its long-term growth trend. It involves shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid growth of output-recovery and prosperity, and periods of relative stagnation or decline- contraction or recession. These fluctuations are often measured using real gdp. Despite being termed cycles, these fluctuations in economic growth and decline do not follow a purely mechanicalRead MoreBusiness Cycles Macro Economic Conditions And Its Impact Towards The Country1396 Words   |  6 Pages Economics for Business Essay Question Lecture Name - Maruf Mostafa Student Name - Wastu Kankanamalage Gayani Chathurangi Maithripala Student ID – 11621711 Word Count – 1000 Introduction This essay will mainly focus, discussing business cycles in macro-economic conditions and their impact towards the country. The first part of the essay will describe different economic conditions within the macro-economic such as an economy boom and recession. The argument will bring out some definitionsRead MoreDoes Oil Price Shocks Affect Business Cycles?994 Words   |  4 PagesIt is often said that oil price shocks affect business cycles, triggering a detrimental effect on the economic activity of some countries when they rise and a favourable effect when they fall. One instance could be the U.S., where the data suggests that most recessions after 1973 have been headed by oil price increases, which is often taken as evidence of recessions being caused by oil price shocks. This brings up to question through which channels oil price shocks might be transmitted to economicRead MoreThe Cause And Effect Of Leaded Gasoline1544 Words   |  7 PagesUnfortunately, these problems did no t cease to exist on the chimerical border between the past and the present. In fact, the United States is once again faced with decisions to make regarding significant economic issues in the form of externalities and business cycles. The first major problem facing the U.S. today is that of externalities. An externality is a cost associated with the production or consumption of a good or service in the economy that is not paid for by the producer or the consumer. When thisRead MoreClimate Change Is Destroying The World Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfor decades now. Although, in the last 30 years climate change has become a very controversial topic in the world of politics and business. This topic has went from scientist observing small changes in the weather, to a multi-billion dollar campaigns ran by the world’s governments and private industries. The topic of climate change has influenced everything from business decisions to new laws being put into place. The debate in climate change is usually found on the worldwide political stage. RarelyRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Characteristics of a Growing and a Mature Product Market1034 Words   |  5 Pagescharacteristics of a growing and a mature pro duct market. Regardless of the value of every product, they all progress through a product life cycle. The phase starts with the introduction of the product and gradually moves to growth, maturity and finally be replaced by new improved products or naturally decline. Each of these stages of product life cycle requires a different marketing mix and research. The life of a product is the period over which it appeals to customers. The sales performance

Essay on The Dangers of Cell Phone Use While Driving

For years, people who driving under influence leading causes of road accidents in many countries. Many people have a cell phone and some even call their cell phone their life line. The cell phone is a provider of very important information such as addresses, phone numbers, and important dates. However, while the cell phone has many positive attributes like keeping people in touch, the cell phone becomes very dangerous when a person decides to drive and use it.This obliged many countries especially United States to pass regulations that put the level of blood-alcohol allowed for one to be behind the wheel. Now a day, the governments are working hard to consider banning the use of cell phone while driving in United States because sometimes†¦show more content†¦Distraction is the number one statistically of accidents and combines with the use of the cell phone it’s a number one in crashes because the drivers may first take their eyes off the road when driving to dial or text. In 2010, National Safety Council (NSC) estimated that 28% of all incidents and fatalities on US highways were caused by drivers using cell phones. Sometimes professional drivers think that they can do multitask; for example: text and drive, but according to attorney Todd Clements† We look, but we don’t process what we see†. Another studied show that pedestrians or street signs can be present but unseen when people is cognitively distracted. Bad news thru the cell phone might cause loss of control and very dangerous in occasion because the drivers don’t paid attention on the road and disconnected the real world. If the drivers who use the cell phone while driving were more conscious of how closely related texting while driving and drunk driving are, it would help to inform all drivers on safety behind the wheel. By the way, short calls cannot cause any distraction. Also for me, urgent calls need to be answered, but only a very few second because can be unavoidable. Our driver’s community needs to be educated to how use the device on the road. For example: the drivers need to watch out for pedestrians since there are number dangers on the road. In addition, the drivers need to coast onShow MoreRelatedDangers of Cell Phone Use While Driving562 Words   |  2 Pages It has been reported that roughly 660,000 U.S citizens use their cell phones while driving on a daily basis. You are four times more likely to get into an accident if you are talking on your cell phone and twenty-three times more likely to get into a car crash if you are texting while driving. Reports have also shown that 11 % of drivers who are between the ages of 15-19 were distracted at the time of a fatal crash. A cell phone distracted 21% of those drivers at the time of the fatal crash. Of theRead MoreDangers of Cell Phone Use While Driving Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pageslast few decades, the use of cell phones has become a very common tool. Furthermore, Technology has certainly advanced, and the cell phone is becoming the most preferred mode of communication. The demand for a cell phone is growing every day. In addition, the use of wireless technology is affordable, and anyone can buy a cell phone at a reasonable price. They come in all shapes and sizes. They range from black to bright metallic white. American public use of cell phones is increasing everydayRead More Cell Phones And Driving: Dangers Involved with Cell Phone Use While Driving1036 Words   |  5 Pagesoften. Talking on the cell phone and driving has become a very popular thing these days. Technology is coming out with the new est phones that can do everything for you and people are attracted to that. There are people that don’t have hands free and drive their car with only one hand, people that text and totally take their eye off the road and type conversations to each other. Bluetooth is another technological breakthrough where you wear an ear piece and can receive phone calls by one touch ofRead MoreCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers:1096 Words   |  5 PagesCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: A Risk or a Benefit? As of 2000, there were about ninety million cell phone users in the United States, with 85% of them using their phones while on the road (Sundeen 1). Because of evidence that cell phones impair drivers by distracting them, some states have considered laws restricting their use in moving vehicles. Proponents of legislation correctly point out that using phones while driving can be dangerous. The extent of the danger, however, is a matterRead MoreThe Epidemic of Texting and Driving Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesAutomobile crashes as a result of texting while driving is an epidemic that has taken over the nation in the past years. In today’s society, people have become more and more dependent on technology as everyday uses. How many can honestly say that they have text and driven? How many have had to swerve, stop on the brakes or almost gotten into an accident because of it? Texting while driving is the most common thing that almost everyone has done or seen. The main iss ue and threat is that peopleRead MoreCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: a Risk or Benefit?1570 Words   |  7 PagesCell Phones in the Hands of Drivers A Risk or a Benefit Ariana Laguna English 102 Professor Barnes/Walter 10 December 2012 Outline THESIS: Unless the risks of cell phones are shown to outweigh the benefits, we should not restrict their use in moving vehicles: instead, we should educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and prosecute irresponsible phone users under laws on negligent and reckless driving. I. Scientific studies havent proved a link between use ofRead MoreThe Dangers Of Texting While Driving1561 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 015 18 September 2014 â€Å"Almost Home† With the society we live in today, a cell phone almost becomes a necessity. Although cell phones come in handy and even make life a little easier, our cell phone usage is becoming a threat to us. There are several ways in which this powerful object can be dangerous. Texting while driving is one danger many do not realize until something drastic happens. Texting while driving is not only a threat to us, but as well as other drivers, passengers, and pedestriansRead MoreIs Texting Your Friends Or Family More Important Than Your Life? Essay789 Words   |  4 Pagestheir cell phone while driving. â€Å"One out of every four car accidents in the United States is caused by texting and driving.†(Cell Phone Use While Driving Statistics) Using a cell phone while driving is dangerous, distracting, harmful, and may cause accidents. According to statistics, every day about 66,000 people try to use their phones while driving. â€Å"The National Safety Council reports that cell phone use while driving leads to 1.6 million crashes each year.†(Cell Phone Use While DrivingRead MoreStop the Use of Cell Phones While Driving854 Words   |  4 Pages13 2013 Many people driving don’t know that they can be so many wrongs they can be doing without realizing it. Plenty talk on the phone while driving, drink, text and drive. A lot of people even innocent people as well have had accidents involving one of those. Out of the three there has been one that has become more common, and it’s only increasing if people don’t put a stop to it themselves. A usage of a cell phone should not be displayed at any point while driving. It can wait many have hadRead MoreImportance Of Cell Phone Safety Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe cell phone safety In spite of the fact that cell phones convey a few expediency and advantages to our lives, they additionally have some possibly unsafe impacts. Disclosure of cell phones has been one of the critical technological progress lately. A portion of these effects has contributed emphatically to our lives, yet at the same time, others have affected contrarily. The cell phones have had a noticeable effect on the social life of individuals. In any case, cell phones have accompanied

Working Leading with People JD Sport

Question: Discuss about the whole recruitment process for the particular job at JD sports. Answer: Introduction: In this assignment we will discuss about the whole recruitment process for the particular job at JD sports. For getting a job the candidate must be fulfill the entire necessary requirement. The two types of advertisement can work for the recruitment process the internal and the external. The candidate must be very good in communication, good inter-personal skill, and other knowledge should be there for getting the job. We will also discuss about the various types of leadership style and their features on the management. The teamwork and its impact will also be discussed in this assignment. Recruitment Methods: The recruitment methods is the process of hiring the right candidate for the right job, which means the candidate should have good knowledge about the work to get the job. The organizations want to hire the candidate, who will know how to take the responsibilities and can work for the organization with a flexible manner (Smith and Tsutsumi, 2014). There are two types of recruitment methods, the internal and the external. Internal refers that hiring a candidate within the organization, which means taking a candidate from one department to another. External refers that hiring of candidate from outsource. It is also for the organization to check the proper documentation before hiring any candidate for the specific job (Deuchert and Kauer, 2014). If the organization wants to hire a candidate from outsource than it will take much higher cost, than hiring a candidate internally. As the internally is the process of hiring a candidate from the inside the organization, which means giving a chance to the candidate from one department to another, or giving promotion to the candidate who deserve one. In the other hand hiring candidate from outsource can be very costly, as it require advertisement in the print media or in the television media. The candidates have to come for the interview process and the show their personal skill to the organization to get the job. Although the hiring of candidate from outsource may be more effective to the organization, as they can bring new ideas or innovation thought for the organization (Pecknold, 2012). Recruitment for JD Sport Manager: The customers of the JD sport are largely depending on them, so it is important to satisfy the customers by providing the best quality of product and service. It is important for the candidate that whoever may be apply for the managers post must be very good in coordinating and have the leadership quality as the manager have to manage thirteen employees in the store. Detail information for the Job. Area: Bristol Remuneration: open to discussion Type of Job: Permanent Working Hour: 8 hours daily, 5 days in a week + extra time Job Role: Store Managers The manager have to manage thirteenwell experienced staffs The manager have to experienced in budget control and marketing Salary is open to discuss, if experienced than high Should be flexible for overtime Should have leadership quality Communication skill should be good Should generate new and innovation ideas. Assess the impact of legal, regulatory ethical consideration to the recruitment and selection process: It is very important for the JD Sport Company to be aware of the rules and regulation of the government while the company is in hiring process for the candidates. If the organization is not following the rules and regulation of the government while hiring the new candidate it may create a bad impact in the organization (Mironov, 2013). For example: In the time of hiring the candidate, it is not necessary for the JD sport to declare about the gender, as it may create the discrimination among the employees. The government regulation says that it is not necessary to make the discrimination in the work place in the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), which may create the ethical issue in the organization. This will also meet the rules and regulation of the government. If the company is fail to follow the rule and regulation of the government than it may create the bad impression for the company, and the existing employees may also suffer for that. Is the responsibility of the organizati on that it will provide the equal opportunities to everyone whoever wants to join the JD sports (Bunting and Coleman, 2013). This will also help the JD Company to reduce the discrimination among the employees of the organization or the candidates who wants to join the company. It is also important for the JD sport Company to make sure that the candidate whoever is joining the company should make the entire papers ready for working in the UK to avoid the fine. During the time of giving advertisement the JD sport should also give the proper requirement of the paper of the candidate which is required to work in the UK as the company is also responsible for the health and safety measure of the employees of the organization. Write a report demonstrating the selection process that took place in order to hire a new store manager. To: Managing Director of JD Sports From: HR Department Subject: The Method of selection, for the new store manager. Date: 9th July 2015 Dear Sir/ Madam I would like to inform you that the hiring method that used for hire a shop manager in Bristol area as requested. We already started the procedures for hiring a candidate. The job specification and the job description is given in hiring process for the store managers, the roles are specifically described. We also received different applications from the candidate side and now we are arranging an interview process for them. Evaluation: It is important for the HR managers, that he/she take the responsibilities for the hiring process for the company. The HR manager should identify the needs of the company and work accordingly. The HR need to identify that what is the exact requirement of the company, than accordingly search for the right candidate, who will fit for the job. Being a HR manager he/she should make the analysis before searching the right candidates. It is the responsible of the HR managers that he/she should select the right candidate for the job, according to the need of the JD Sports Company (Sharma and Vatsa, 2015). Write a report on the scenario that covers the criteria needed To: Senior Management. From: NIBCO Subject: The skills that need for leadership, and distinguish between the manager and leader in comparison to motivation and leadership styles. Dear Sir/ Madam Leadership Style Meaning: Leadership can be the quality of the person, to make control for the subordinate or the same level of employees. The leadership quality is very important for any leader to manage the workers of the organization. The employees are also wanted to work under the good leaders, so that they can do the work properly. The good leadership style can motivate the employees of the organization to work hard. The appraisal system or the rewarding system of the good leaders is very useful for any organization. It is because of the leadership style that the organization can achieve the target in the long run (Holten and Brenner, 2015). Skills and Attributes of a Leadership The skills and the attributes are the most important for the good leadership. The good knowledge and the good communication skills are very important to be the successful leader in the organization (Holgate, 2012). There are three parts by which we can divide the skills and the attribute; they are: Professional Attribute: The professional attribute also involve the responsibility taking ability, loyalty of the leaders, responsibility in terms of personal work, innovative and cooperative (Hu, Kuhn and Ferraiolo, 2015). Factors Leadership: It is important for the leaders to have trust and belief to his/her team, as it will motivate the employees of the organization. The leaders also think about the emotional sides of the employees, as it will create the emotional attachment with the employees of the organization. It is also important for the leaders that they must have the quality to take decision in different situation (Emira, 2013). Character Traits: For being a good leader of the organization the leader must have the honesty in him/her, full commitment to the work and also generate some innovative ideas for achieving the goals and the objectives of the organization. The leaders should be friendly to the employees, which make the working environment easier for the employees of the organization (Lee and Manning, 2013). According to (Smith, 2015)the leader must have some of the qualities that make the leadership style more perfect: Delegation Ability: The leaders should give the proper task to the proper employees, which is very important for the organization. This delegation also motivates the employees to work hard for the organization. Honesty in work: The honesty is very important for the leaders for the good leadership style; it can also inspire the employees of the organization (Garcs, 2012). For the leaders it is important to divide the work within the employees of the organization, and also make them understand about the work, so that they can do the work properly, and that is why it is important to have good communication skills (Besley, 2015). Distinguish between Leadership and Management: One of the basic differences between the leadership and the management is that the people or the workers used to follow the leaders and the people used to work under the management or the managers. It is very important for the organization that it have both the good leaders and the good mangers in the organization, so that the organization can go for the goals and objectives of the organization (Mertkan, 2013). The managers are the one who mainly focus in the structure or the system of the organization, and the leaders are the one who only focus of the employees or the workers of the organization. The leaders also motivate the employees and the managers belief in controlling the employees. Coordination is comes under the management process, which can motivate the employees of the organization to work hard for the organization and also because of this the production of the company become more effective (Garner, 2013). Comparison the leadership style between the Ms Hogan and Mr. Worthy: In this case if we talk about the leadership style of Ms. Hogan, than we have to what leadership he is following. The leadership style he is following may be comes under the autocratic, as because in this type of leadership the leaders use to take their own decision without doing any concern with others. Mr. Worthys leadership style may be comes under the Laissez-faire as because he also believe in taking the initiative to make his own decision. The employees who work for Mr. Worthy have to take their own direction for completing any task. He also avoid to contact his own employees regarding any work (Janklow, 2014). Motivation at Fancy Foot wears: Ms Hogan wants that her employees should work very accurately and produce the best output for the organization; the leadership style that she is following is autocratic which help her to motivate her employees to work hard for the organization. In the other hand the employees did not get any moral support from the organization side and many employees resigned for the company. That is why the employees like to work under the control of Ms. Hogan (Manzoor, 2011). Work Effective in a team Asses the advantage of teamwork in the Acer credit card company: Meaning of teamwork: Teamwork can be defined as the group of people who work together in the organization or somewhere else to achieve certain goals and objective. For applying credit card online there are certain procedures whether it is done by going to the bank or following system or may be over the phone. It is required for the candidate to pass the credit check successfully. In this checking of history is done and also credit rating is done. There are some rules and regulation which the candidate should know before applying for the credit card, the bank provides this information to the candidate, which is necessary for the candidate. The advantage of getting the work very quickly and more accurately is because of the teamwork in the credit card company (Railo, 2014). Acer Company always believes in teamwork, which is very helpful for the company. The team culture and the team bonding is possible by doing the work as a team; any hard work can be in a easier way if the work is divided into the team members. Working as a team in the organization can also be very helpful from the organization point of view, as it will help the organization to achieve the long term goals and objectives. There are many problems which were faced by the Acer credit card company and because of this the company modifies their service providing system to the customer. The top level management decides to take care for these problems and also identify, why they are facing this kind of problems. The problems like facing the violent customers, providing the quality solution to the customers in order to maintain the strong relationship with the customers. The top level management takes the decision to work as a team in the organization, for example; if some employees are not abl e to face some aggressive customer, then the other employee come in front and take over from there. This decision of working as a team helps the organization to develop in their productivity. Within the team there were various types of member who are very skillful to their work, they very well know about what to do and when to do and also what strategy to use to achieve the goals and the objectives of the organization. what is the difference between working as a team leader from working as a team member: The team members and the team leader are interring related. They use to give support each other very well, but the responsibilities of the team leader are much more rather than team members. For the team leader it is important to make the plane and provide the task to the team members, it is also important to provide proper training to the new entrance, so that they work with the existing team members. This is also necessary for the team leader to make the proper communication regarding the task to the team members and solve the problem, whichever is facing by the team members. For the team members it is important to listen carefully to the team leader, and try to finish the given task within time. If one or two employees fail to complete the task within the time than the other team members can help them to finish the task by implementing teamwork (Matershaw, 2013). what are the factors involved in planning the monitoring and assessment of work performance for team: Meaning of work performance: The employees of the organization did the quality task which is given by the team leader. It is important for the employees to maintain the quality of task with the quality to satisfy the clients or the customers. The organization used to measure the quality with quality of task by the employees in monthly or quarterly basis, which help the employees to identify the place that is where they can improve to perform well. The leaders of the organization should regularly check the task done by the employees, in order to clearly define the task. It is also important for the leader to check the behavior of the employees which is helpful to make the environment better to work. Monitoring is also important for the employees to make them understand of the working process. The top level management should arrange for the training and development program for the employees of the organization to make them more skillful (Klosterman, 1983). Plans to assess the development needs of individual and how to implement it: In this case if we want to do the assessment we can take the case of Alex, as has been working with the organization for the last 15 years and we also can take the incident from the book keeping from last 15 months (Willetts, 2014). Strength and weakness of Alex The strength of Alex is that he is very committed to his work and the weakness is working in IT sector and with the computer. The performance of the Alex is outstanding to his work, whereas he need more time to finish his work. Alex have a very good experience in working with this company, but in the same time the customers follow up system is very poor. Some of the points that Alex need to improve: The management should provide training on IT to Alex so that he can work better in computer. The training about the time management skill needs to provide to Alex. He also needs training on communication skill, which will help him to maintain strong relationship. Evaluation of the success of the assessment process: The organization sent Alex and Carol for the training and development program to make some improvement about their weaknesses point. This training and development program help Alex to improve his quality in terms of communication, working in IT sector and also how to finish the work in time. While Carol fail to improve her skills, but in the conversation she agreed that next time she will definitely try to improve her skills. The organization also decides for the increment of Alex in order to motivate him (Dabaghkashani, 2012). Conclusion: In this project we discussed about all the aspects of the hiring and selecting methods of candidate and also provide proper training and development to improve the skills and knowledge. For the successful development of the organization whatever is the requirement we have discuss all the aspects. The leadership quality and the management style will help the organization to sustain in the market. It also helps the organization to work as a team, which is necessary for the organization point of view. References List Besley, J. (2015). Making Environmental Communication Work: Creating Useful Guidance. Environmental Communication, pp.1-6. Bunting, D. and Coleman, R. (2013). Ethical consideration in invasion ecology: A marine perspective. Ecological Management Restoration, 15(1), pp.64-70. Dabaghkashani, A. (2012). A Success Model for Business Process Management Implementation. IJIEE. Deuchert, E. and Kauer, L. (2014). Hiring subsidies for people with a disability - Evidence from a small scale social field experiment. International Labour Review, p.n/a-n/a. Emira, M. (2013). Support staff leadership: Opportunities and challenges. Leadership, 9(1), pp.23-41. Garcs, M. (2012). Honesty with the real. Journal of AESTHETICS CULTURE, 4(0). Garner, J. (2013). Dissenters, Managers, and Coworkers: The Process of Co-Constructing Organizational Dissent and Dissent Effectiveness. Management Communication Quarterly, 27(3), pp.373-395. Holgate, S. (2012). Enhance Your Career With Leadership Skills. Science. Holten, A. and Brenner, S. (2015). Leadership style and the process of organizational change. Leadership Org Development J, 36(1), pp.2-16. Hu, V., Kuhn, D. and Ferraiolo, D. (2015). Attribute-Based Access Control. Computer, 48(2), pp.85-88. Janklow, A. (2014). Book Review: Leadership Styles in Ministry: Keith Lamdin, Finding Your Leadership Style. The Expository Times, 125(8), pp.411-412. Klosterman, R. (1983). Fact and Value in Planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 49(2), pp.216-225. Lee, G. and Manning, M. (2013). Introduction: Character Education Around the World: Encouraging Positive Character Traits. Childhood Education, 89(5), pp.283-285. Manzoor, Q. (2011). Impact of Employees Motivation on Organizational Effectiveness. BMS, 3(1). Matershaw, P. (2013). From team member to team leader. SecEd, 2013(6). Matershaw, P. (2013). From team member to team leader. SecEd, 2013(6). Mertkan, S. (2013). In search of leadership: what happened to management?. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 42(2), pp.226-242. Mironov, D. (2013). Constitutional Legal Relations: Impact on Legal System.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  , 1(12). Pecknold, C. (2012). The Pilgrim City: St. Augustine and His Innovation in Political Thought - By Miles Hollingworth. Modern Theology, 28(2), pp.353-356. Railo, H. (2014). Bilateral and two-item advantage in subitizing. Vision Research, 103, pp.41-48. Sharma, D. and Vatsa, M. (2015). A Study to Identify the Training and Development Needs of Nurses Working at a Private Multispecialty Hospital in Delhi. Inter. Jour. of Nurs. Educ., 7(3), p.64. Smith, C. (2015). Exemplary leadership. Nursing Management (Springhouse), 46(3), pp.47-51. Smith, D. and Tsutsumi, H. (2014). Candidate selection methods and policy cohesion in parties: The impact of open recruitment in Japan. Party Politics. Willetts, A. (2014). Support plans must embrace individual needs. Nurs Residential Care, 16(4), pp.231-231.

Music and Dance as a Means of Self

Music and Dance as a Means of Self-Definition Essay However; the characters are able, through music and dance, to not only define homeless, but are able to retain some of their African culture while enslaved, and creating a unique culture of their own. Toni Morrison uses the ideas of song and dance to show how through an oral tradition in the slave culture they are able to retain some of the culture of their African ancestors despite attempts by the slave masters to rid them of their own identities as people, and strictly relegate them to objects of possession to be bought or sold. Quinoa describes dances, or traditions, that the enslaved people brought with them across the Ocean in those slave ships. Every great event Is celebrated in public dances, which are accompanied with songs and music suited to the occasion. The assembly is separated in to four divisions The first division contains the married men To these succeeded the married women The young men occupy the third; and the maidens the fourth. (Quinoa 34). These traditions were then passed down through the generations and across the different plantations through that oral tradition as shown in some of the traditions that the characters in Beloved perform. Let the children come Let the grown men come she shouted Finally she called the women to her It started that way: laughing children, dancing men, crying women and then it all got mixed up. Women stopped crying and danced; men sat down and cried; children danced, women laughed, children cried until, exhausted and river, all and each lay about the Clearing damp and gasping for breath. In the silence that followed, Baby USGS, holy, offered up to them her great heart. (Morrison 103) In this passage we see how the traditions that were brought to America from Africa by these enslaved people are passed down to people that were born in America and he new generation is able to take the traditions of old and add their own flavor and uniqueness to make it their own. Music and Dance as a Means of Self- Definition and Cultural Retention in Toni By metal ancestors and making it their own, but it is also about resistance to the majority and taking the margin that they have been relegated to, and creating something new. Six is told by the schoolteacher that definitions belonged to the definers not the defined (Morrison 225). Morrison uses this mode of definition as a means to show how the enslaved characters and the real slaves of the time fought against this benefiting, and used the margin as a means to create something new and unique. With a sledge hammer in his hands and Hi Mans lead, the men got through. They sang it out and beat it up, garbling the words so they could not be understood; tricking the words so their syllables yielded up other meanings. They sang the women they knew; the children they had been; the animals they had tamed themselves or seen other tame. They sang of bosses and masters and misses; of mules and dogs and the shamelessness of life. They sang lovingly of graveyards and sisters long gone. Of pork in the woods; meal in the pan; fish on the line; cane, rain ND rocking chairs. (Morrison 128) Even on a chain gang relegated to the lowest part of the lowest part of society at that time these men were using the situation that they were in to create something new, something that was uniquely theirs and no one could take that from them. .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a , .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a .postImageUrl , .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a , .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a:hover , .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a:visited , .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a:active { border:0!important; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a:active , .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua7b6de809c4ca0b3ec039af5aafe191a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fender Musical Instruments Corporation EssayThe men on the chain gang were using the tradition of song passed down from their ancestors, but by using the world around them, their feelings, and their unique experiences they were able to defy the definers and then define who they were. It is through these traditions of using your emotions to help define your struggle that the lees we know today was created. Morrison uses the structure of the modern blues and the call and response aspect of the African musical heritage to illustrate that this tradition of self definition is alive today. Morrison a twentieth century African American writer uses these structures in her novel to help keep these traditions alive. Morrison uses the text It rained (Morrison 129) to help illustrate possibly how these men on the chain gang might have felt being locked up and chained together forced to work hard labor at gun point. The idea of it rained, elicits the picture of tears, sorrow and pain. She beats this line after each paragraph on this page as if meaning to continue to draw on the idea of sadness. Also by repeating this line she brings forth the idea of call and response. Morrison describes a little of this intense scene where Paul D is locked up in a cell that is filling with water, the call part of the tradition, then uses the line It rained (Morrison 129) as the response. She describes a little more of that scene, call. It rained, response. The use of the call and response tradition elicits a deep emotional reaction by the reader. Song and dance was the most effective way of continuing and passing on radiations throughout the slave communities. Song and dance were parts of their heritage they wanted to remember. So many bad things had happened to so many people that part of themselves shut off the bad and only remembered the good times they had while singing and dancing. Nan was the one she knew best, who was around all day, who nursed babies, cooked, had one good arm and half another. And who used different words. Words must be why she remembered so little before Sweet Home except singing and dancing (Morrison 74) Music and dance were also ways that the oppressed people could express homeless without as much fear of reprisals and punishments as other forms, especially reading and writing which were forbidden. The power of expression through the singing and the dancing is evident throughout the novel. Nearly all of the characters at one time or another participates in public or private expressions of their feelings and thoughts. Hear me know, love your heart. For this is the prize. Saying no more, she stood up then and danced with her twisted hip the rest to what her heart had to say while the other opened their mouths and gave her the music. Long notes held until the four- art harmony was perfect enough for their deeply loved flesh. Morrison 104) Throughout this novel Morrison uses many examples of music and dance as a means for these oppressed slaves to determine who they are and not allow the slave masters and the white people of that time to dictate who they are. By following the traditions of their ancestors, modifying the old traditions for the new generation, and by creating something entirely new and unique they were able to take the margin in which they had been placed and turn i t into their center. For a lot of slaves in that mime all they had in the whole world was their culture and traditions.